Among small ammunitions that are non-lethal, the study talks about plastic bullets, wax bullets, rubber bullets, bean bag rounds, Ring Airfoil Projectiles (kinetic and tear gas), electroshock weapons such as Taser, which are less lethal conventional metal bullets and and are also propelled at lower speed by using less propellant.

Some of these ammunitions are available with Indian forces and police in J&K.

The CRPF has been using pellet guns, which have led to eye-injuries to protesters and drawn criticism.

The central paramilitary forces also have chilli and pepper-based

bullets, grenades and  recently-introduced PAVA (Pelargonic Acid Vanilly Amide) shells but these have not been very successful on violent protestors.

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